A. The experiment of J.P. Cedarholm and C.H. Townes in 1958.

Physical review letters, Volume 1, Number 9, (1958), pp.342-343

By the use of two NH3 masers with reversed beams the authors expected to detect 20 cps of frequency variation between them after a 180° rotation of the apparatus, that due to the clasical Doppler effect when a frame (cavity) velocity of 30 km/s is considered (see figure below).

The " negative " result of this experiment is well established by the use of the Galileo's transformations with metric change (GTWMC).

In the rest frame (see figure below), if we want that the energy of an electromagnetic wave propagates along the Y' axis of the MASER cavity frame, the Poynting vector in the rest frame must make an angle a with the X axis which obeys the formula: cos(a)=V/c.

If the frequency of the wave is F, the TEM wave equation is:

.

Thus, now, if we consider the transition frequency of the NH3 molecules, like a clock, with a frequency : where Fo is the frequency in motion and Fr the frequency at rest in ether, and if we consider that the frequency F in the direction of the needed Poynting vector is, according to the classical Doppler effect:

., we obtain the wave equation:

.

Now, we have to calculate the wave equation in the cavity frame, by introducing the GTWMC: x=x'.sqrt(1-bb)+vt'/sqrt(1-bb) and t=t'/sqrt(1-bb) into the equation, with the following frequency result:

Obviously as for the reversed beam maser, v must be changes in -v, the fractional frequency difference between the masers is:.

Even for a frame velocity of 360 km/s and for the NH3 beam velocity of 0.6 km/s, this difference is less than 1. E(-12). Thus, at 23,870,000,000 hz, the expected frequency shift is only 0.02 hz which explains very well the negative result of the experiment as an ether-wind detection test.

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